New Railgun-Like Device Stabilizes Fusion Reactions

Chaotic Reactors

As scientists try to work out the kinks of nuclear fusion, a type of atomic reaction that would generate vast amounts of cheap, clean electricity, they sometimes encounter problems. High-energy plasma inside the reactor can behave unpredictably, grinding any fusion that may have been happening to a halt and damaging equipment.

The current fix for these plasma disruptions is to rapidly propel pellets into the plasma using compressed gas. The pellets work kind of like a shotgun blast that helps diffuse and redistribute the energy of the plasma before a disruption can occur.

But for larger reactors like ITER, an experimental fusion reactor under construction in France, gas-propelled systems can't penetrate deep enough or be launched quickly enough to prevent disruptions.

That’s why a team of Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory scientists decided to build a rail gun.

Gratata!

A so-called "electromagnetic particle injector" (EPI) can fire pellets deeper into plasma that's about to disrupt a fusion experiment. It's more immediate and rapid than a gas-powered system, according to research published last month in the journal Nuclear Fusion.

There's little room for error in fusion experiments. When it comes to ITER, a disruption-preventing system would need to act within 20 milliseconds. Gas-powered systems would be able to do the deed in 30 milliseconds, while the new EPI, if implemented into ITER, would be able to get the job done in just 10, according to a press release published by the Princeton on Thursday.

The BFG

The existence of the EPI doesn’t mean that nuclear fusion suddenly becomes easy to pull off or even that scientists now know that its feasible.

But it does help solve one of the many problems inherent to scaling fusion reactors up from small-scale experimental facilities to larger operations that might actually be able to serve a functional purpose.

READ MORE: Fast action: A novel device may provide rapid control of plasma disruptions in a fusion facility [PPPL News]

More on nuclear fusion: Scientists Found a New Way to Make Fusion Reactors More Efficient