--- title: "Biologist Has Great Advice on COVID Infection Risks" description: "Associate professor of biology Erin Bromage decided to start a blog about how to keep safe amidst a global pandemic, and why you shouldn't panic." date: "2020-05-19" modified: "2020-05-19" authors: - name: "Victor Tangermann" job_title: "Senior Editor" link: "https://futurism.com/authors/victor" url: "https://futurism.com/neoscope/biologist-advice-covid-risks" categories: - "Developments" - "Health & Medicine" tags: - "coronavirus" - "covid19" --- # Biologist Has Great Advice on COVID Infection Risks ![Associate professor of biology Erin Bromage decided to start a blog about how to keep safe amidst a global pandemic, and why you shouldn't panic.]() *\Image: MirceaIancu via Pixabay\* Amidst a global pandemic, it's becoming increasingly difficult to sort the safe from the risky. Should we wear masks outdoors? What happens when a cyclist or runner passes by while not wearing one? That's why University of Massachusetts Dartmouth associate professor of biology Erin Bromage decided to start a blog about how to keep safe — and his [latest post]() is going viral because it confronts difficult and common questions. "A big part of me writing these posts is just to give some tangible advice to friends, family, about what risks they should really be worrying about and wasting mental energy on," Bromage [told *CNN*](). In the post, Bromage outlines how breathing, talking, and sneezing can release surprisingly different amounts of droplets and aerosols into the air that could potentially carry the infectious virus. According to Bergman, sneezing emits the most particles, followed by talking loudly. "The more force by which a sound leaves your mouth, the more respiratory particles are emitted, and they travel a further distance," Bergman told *CNN*. Fewer droplets release through nose-breathing as they tend to fall to the ground quickly, Bergman notes in his blog post. With the help of a bit of a back-of-the-envelope math — it's important to note that Bergman or the rest of the medical community doesn't have all the answers and many gaps remain in our knowledge about the virus — Bergman suggests that "it would take \[about five\] minutes of speaking face-to-face to receive the required dose." His advice as to what to do in the outdoors echoes numerous health guidelines. If you can't maintain social distancing, consider wearing a mask. If you're outdoors mostly by yourself, though, he says you have little to worry about. "If you are sitting in a well ventilated space, with few people, the risk is low," Bergman wrote. "If I am outside, and I walk past someone, remember it is 'dose and time' needed for infection," he added, referring to the amount of particles being emitted over a period of time. "You would have to be in their airstream for \[over five\] minutes for a chance of infection," he wrote. "While joggers may be releasing more virus due to deep breathing, remember the exposure time is also less due to their speed." If you are passing people close by on, say, a forest trail, consider a neck sleeve or T-shirt mask to pull up temporarily, Bergman told *CNN*. But that doesn't mean we should forget about social distancing, personal hygiene, and other common sense ways to protect ourselves and others from infection. **READ MORE:** [The biologist whose advice went viral tells us what to do next]() \[*CNN*\] **More on the pandemic:** *[STUDY: PANDEMIC CAUSED 17% DROP IN GLOBAL CARBON EMISSIONS]()* ## Author I've been at Futurism since 2017, where my role has evolved to encompass design, writing, and increasingly editing. I've always been fascinated by space exploration and advanced transportation, which I've leaned into by interviewing luminaries in those fields while closely following the dimensions of policy and regulation that allow next-generation projects to succeed -- or, sometimes, to fail. I'm also keenly interested in the effects of generative AI on society, policies, and democratic institutions, as well as clean energy, physics and biology, and the vagaries of tech leadership. My work for Futurism has been cited by publications including Ars Technica, Gizmodo, PC Magazine, Jalopnik, Fox News, and the New York Post. I spent my childhood living in locations including Manila, the Philippines, and Geneva, Switzerland, attended McGill University, and now live in Toronto, Canada. Before Futurism I worked at AskMen and a small photography studio. In my free time, I'm an avid gardener, foodie, and craft beer lover, as well as a maker of artisanal hot pepper sauces. I have a magnificent dog named Freida. ### Author social links [Bluesky]()